Pressure impregnation of wood with linseed, neem, jatropha, and jojoba oils significantly reduced wood weight loss of Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sissoo, and Pinus wallichiana and increased termite mortality ( Ahmed et al. These are not only suggested as a heating medium but also acts as toxic chemicals against termites ( Hassan 2017, Hassan et al. Vegetable oils have been used for rapid heat transfer in wood during vacuum pressure treatment ( Archer and Lebow 2006, Ibach and Rowell 2001, Kaur et al. Still, those of importance are neem, linseed, rapeseed, tall oil, and their derivates, palm, soybean, and coconut oil ( Panov et al. Various domestically produced vegetable oils have been used for wood impregnation against termites and decay fungi. These contemplations have stimulated academics and the wood preservation industry to look for new eco-friendly alternatives ( Hassan et al. Wood treated with common preservatives is classified as hazardous waste in some countries. Some of these chemicals have been limited by the commercial markets around the world ( Ahmed et al. However, the use of traditional wood preservatives is nowadays subject to environmental and consumer constraints. This includes the impregnation of wood with traditional synthetic biocides such as creosote, copper chromium arsenate (CCA), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) to prevent degradation by insect and decay fungi ( Jones and Brischke 2017). The concept of wood protection against biodegradation is based on the principle of toxicity. These are the most common infestation species in the urban area that readily attack structures and buildings due to their aggressive behavior ( Manzoor et al. The magnitude of damage by different species has not been enumerated however, the most damaging species are Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann), Odontotermes obesus (Rambur), Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) and Microtermes obesi Holmgren. Of these 13 subterranean species are reckoned pests of agriculture, buildings, and forestry ( Hassan 2017). The termite fauna of Pakistan consists of 53 species. Subterranean termites are serious pests of structural wood and wood-based products in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Keywords: Heat treatment poplar plant oils subterranean termites wood resistance wood preservative. It is concluded that neem oil can be useful as a wood preservative against subterranean termites combined with sesame oil and heat treatment. The treatment at 200 ✬ for 6 h combined with 75 % neem and 25 % sesame (3:1) appears to be the best treatment condition in this investigation. Heat treatment alone was not enough to enhance resistance against subterranean termites. Moreover, neem oil, when combined with sesame oil, significantly improved the wood resistance compared to separate oils treatment. Results showed that both oils protected woods against termites differently however, neem oil was more protectant than sesame oil. Concentrations of 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % of both oils alone in toluene and their different combinations along with heat treatment were bio-assayed against termites. The current study was aimed to evaluate the effect of neem and sesame oils on the improvement of poplar ( Populus spp.) wood resistance to subterranean termite in the field.
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